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The latest in Field Records' run of essential vinyl pressings revisits Stephen Hitchell's 2009 masterpiece under his Variant alias, The Setting Sun. As part of Echospace and also celebrated for his productions as Intrusion and Soultek, Hitchell is considered a leading light in dub techno, with the versatility in his sound to range from rhythmic, physical pulses to purely tonal, abyssal drone. His work as Variant, which debuted with The Setting Sun, capitalises on this scope to deliver a compelling ambient-with-teeth set richly deserving of a proper vinyl pressing.

The Setting Sun first emerged on Echospace as a download-only release. Hitchell was at pains to map out the tools that went into the sound on the album — field recordings of storms in Berlin, Germany and train rides in Narita, Japan, outboard synths and samplers. Crucially, he declared no computers were used, and it shows. When The Setting Sun was recorded, in-the-box production was largely dominating electronic music and the technology had yet to replicate the warmth and character of analogue equipment. Hitchell's looming chords come baked with harmonic overtones, surface noise becomes another essential layer and fragments of distortion add to the narrative of these glacial, monumental pieces.

Hitchell threads his dub techno tendencies in subtle ways, from the kick pattering underneath 'As Time Stood Still' to the quintessential metallic delay ripples that define 'A Silent Storm'. 'Someplace Else' has a defined, albeit delicate, rhythm section guiding its lighter shades of pads and chords. However, drums are never a dominant aspect of the music, simply another layer in an intentionally coagulated whole. At times, flickering tones hint at space where percussion once stood, since muted to leave the wet signal setting a new course for the sound, somewhere far beyond drum duties. The hushed ceremony of tracks like 'Adrift' are the perfect scenario in which to absorb these microfibres of detail, where the genius of Hitchell can truly be savoured.

In line with the limitations of record pressing and Hitchell's proclivity for long-form tracks, 'The Setting Sun' is reserved for the digital edition of this reissue. It's a logical move, as the sound palette widens to encompass tangible, organic instrumentation evolving over the best part of half an hour. The presence of piano keys feels stark in the Variant sound world, but Hitchell ably folds these coded elements into his process bathed in the same curious luminosity that lingers around all his work. Evolving at a painstaking pace, the plaintive humanity in the cascading keys and plucked guitar strings renders one of the most personal expressions in Hitchell's considerable canon — a unique piece that holds its own space comfortably, while also adding to the overall weight of The Setting Sun as a profound benchmark in a stellar discography.

Bleech 9:3 share their debut single 'Ceiling / Jacky'. The Irish four-piece, fresh off an extensive run of dates with Keo, will support Shame on their upcoming Ireland dates.

Headed up by Barry Quinlan (vocals/guitar) and Sam Duffy (guitar) - the pair met at AA, where Sam became Barry's sponsor. The moved from Dublin to London together in 2024. "I think the vulnerability of those meetings helped us be a lot more comfortable with each other from the get go" they say about these first recordings.

Ceiling toys with 90’s infused heavy alt-grunge, music catalysed by a longing which transcends the material realm, a fixation upon negative space, and the desire for erasure. On the new single, Bleech 9:3 say-

"The story behind “Ceiling” is a sad one. I realised while writing the lyrics that it was about my friend Ryan who I met at a recovery meeting in Dublin. He passed away before he really got the chance to get better. It’s not something I’ve ever purposefully sat down to write about, it’s all those types of things which try to make contact with me through the writing. It’s like it’s trying to manifest itself to be released or something. Some things you hold on to for a long time before they finally find their way out."

Ceiling is out now on Ra-Ra Rok Records (Wu-Lu, The Goa Express, Bingo Fury).

In his 1954 book The Doors of Perception, Aldous Huxley theorized that every person lives and experiences life on their own island universe. We can try to explain our experience to others using language, symbols, and art, but we'll never be sure that we're feeling something precisely the same as anyone else. This line of thinking has become a source of inspiration for many prolific artists. Now, Cincinnati-based producer Jason Grimez is inviting us to hear what it sounds like on an island of his own creation. The Island of Dr. Bionic is the third installment in Dr. Bionic's Terrestrial Radio series. Due out 5/2/2025 on Chiefdom Records, it's a collection of instrumental fusion for fans of hip-hop, jazz, funk, and beyond. Grimez is the producer, mixer, and mastermind behind Dr. Bionic. He's a Cincinnati-based creator with a deep understanding of 90s hip-hop and DJ culture, and he draws inspiration from music of all kinds. Grimez' ever-growing catalog is best described as organic groove. He calls on a rotating cast of veteran musicians to join him at his home studio to write, record, and try out new ideas. Long-time listeners will find some familiar names in the liner notes, for good reason. 'Life Span' (track 14) features a head-bobbing beat from Marvin Hawkins. Nick Brown is responsible for the dreamy Rhodes performance on 'Shell Of The Soul' (track 11). If Charlie Suit's unforgettable sax performance on 'The Path Of Stars' (track 16) is stuck in your head for more than 3 days, please consult Dr. Bionic. Once the recording sessions are complete, the real production work begins. "We get together and record a ton of stuff, and then I'll go back and cut it and mix it together," Grimez explained. "It all finds a home over time."

”While still retaining their signature, at times undefinable, sound, Blood Cultures explores the avenues of personal storytelling like never before, making ‘LUNO’ one of their boldest albums.” - Atwood Magazine

“Blood Cultures have been providing us with some of the most unique sounds going around this year, all in the lead up to their highlight anticipated new project ‘Luno’, and they’ve finally come through with the goods with an eclectic array of soundscapes and colour combining together for a smashing display of psych/indie-pop.” - Acid Stag

“Finally convalescing into an extremely topical narrative that gives the backbone to their new project, LUNO is a feast for the eyes and ears with multiple music videos providing additional storytelling to a knowingly impactful project.” - Earmilk

Four-time GRAMMY Award-nominated global superstar RAYE, is releasing her highly anticipated sophomore album THIS MUSIC MAY CONTAIN HOPE. The album, set in 4 “seasons” with each side of the vinyl being a different season, takes listeners on a sonic journey that begins with darkness and ends with light.

“Music is medicine. I’ve always said that, and I guess I’m in the process of making medicine for myself that I can share with the world. I want us all to say to ourselves that it’s going to be all right, and I’m going to have faith in the seeds that I’ve planted beneath the snow. I wanted to create something that is a hug or bed or soft place for that person who needs it.”

RAYE recently kicked off her massive 51-date sold-out arena tour THIS TOUR MAY CONTAIN NEW MUSIC includes arena dates across Europe and the UK — including six sold-out nights at The O2 — before heading to North America with stops at iconic venues such as Radio City Music Hall (April 15 and 16th) and the Greek Theatre (May 12 and 13th). Additionally, RAYE will be a special guest on Bruno Mars’ The Romantic Tour for 27 stadium shows across the US this summer.

2026 Repress / Blue Vinyl

After releasing five sell out various artists EP’s featuring 25 artists, positivesource is excited to present a new chapter for the label with a diverse and anthemic EP from Berlin based producer Regent.
No stranger to the label, Regent contributed to src005 last year with his smooth techno roller ‘Off Agenda’ alongside music from Neri J, Alpha Tracks, Vil & Cravo. His tracks have featured heavily in DJ sets by label founders Blue Hour and Philippa Pacho over the years, naturally the idea to present the first artist EP on positivesource with Regent comes as no surprise. The record starts on a hypnotic tip with ‘Occult’, grooving along with an infectious bass-line swung beats and blissed out atmospherics before stepping up the energy levels on ‘Khmera’, a relentless chord driven percussive anthem with nostalgic vocals rising to new heights. On the flip the title track ‘Aphid Riot’ is bold and vibrant leaning heavily into UK flavours using sliced up vocals, breakbeats and a classic ‘Reece’ bass-line. Completing the record is a ‘broken’ version of ‘Aphid Riot’ highlighting an ethereal tonal melody with a deeper and more introspective take on the original. It’s a new sound exploration from the producer, emonstrating his versatility and perhaps a rare moment in his discography

Tom Misch’s long-awaited sophomore album Full Circle finds the London-based artist, songwriter, and producer at his most personal and honest. Exploring the moments that have shaped him over the last four years: family, friendships, nature, and celebrates the work of finding his way back to himself. Made during his time spent between London, Cornwall, Portugal, and Nashville with a focus on classic songwriting, honing a collection of eleven timeless songs including the previously released singles ‘Old Man’ and ‘Red Moon’. While Full Circle contends with some of quieter moments of the last four years, it remains optimistic and effortlessly listenable, anchored by unadorned vocals and a warm, analogue sound. And the beauty of Full Circle lies in the universality of its lyrics, inviting listeners to inhabit Tom’s world or trace their own path within it. Full Circle stands as both a reflection of his journey and a statement of ongoing evolution.

Complimenting his singular debut LP, 2025’s ‘Light Months Will Fly Over Us’, singer-songwriter and producer Addy Weitzman sees his thoughtful artrock and new wave aesthetic expanded by The Time & Space Machine for a limited three-track 12".

The long-running alias of British DJ, archivist and acid pioneer Richard Norris, this trio of remixes from The Time & Space Machine’s central processing unit finds Norris in a jubilant raving mode, his trademark psychedelia contributing to Slacker at its best and baggiest. The initial mix captures Weitzman’s songwriting in full, including his portentous vocal hook – “No man is a prophet in his own land” – a proverb first found in the gospels, blessed with the innovative Norris’s application of hypnotic groove, fat low-end and a ton of percussion.

The B-side sees Norris stripping things back in two directions: the Shango Dub draws focus on the higher vibrations found in the track’s beautifully intertwined percussive and synth elements, while the Riddim Mix reduces the frequencies further still, with a phased, slightly fried drum workout primed to spin heads as the night gets deeper and darker.

High Cube is the beat-focused brainchild of Brian Foote (Peak Oil, Leech) and Paul Dickow (Strategy, Community Library), two low-key legends of the American experimental underground. After some 30-odd years of making music separately and together, Foote and Dickow are collaborating in earnest for the first time as a duo. For this debut, the pair enforced a simple, stringent set of rules: five instruments, a one-hour timer, and a total ban on overthinking.

The result is a record that is the sound of two old friends unplugging the usual levers and letting the "accident" of their chemistry take the wheel. It is drier, sparser, and decidedly "chunky"—a fictional band stepping into a suit to drive around for a while. It is neither dance nor chill-out, but a moody, complex trajectory defined not by the gear used to make it, but by the narrative mood it compels.

"Volcano Snail” starts things off in a disheveled shuffle, locking into gear with blurred and bubbling effluence. The shimmering dimness is lit low, with a woozy gait that recalls the headiest highs and luminescent lows of Jan Jelinek. “Underwater Welder” is a foggy, neon-lit cruise of skittering low-ends suspended in a permanent fall of color, while “A Dragon’s Treasure is its Soul” offers blown-apart, low-end city pop fragmented into an array of rhythmic detritus. Chordal textures hover in the air as a percussive loop takes its beguiling and frolicking shape.

B-side opener “Yonaguni” shapeshifts in real time, drifting with the grace of a glacier before bobbing in a frigid pool of vibrating clatter, static, and synth stabs. “Ofid+wor” offers a tried and true blitz of braindance, nodding to an endless list of 20th and 21st-century electronic body music. Buoyant closer “Mother of Thousands” holds a gravity-defying tenderness, pirouetting on a breeze with the elegance of effervescent longing. Woven together, the six extended tracks of High Cube are tethered to nothing but the ether—a giant sonic leap of peripheral absurdity from two artists with a lifetime of shared rhythm.

Ben is a Detroit-based producer who makes up half of Symptoms of Love, along with BPT records alum Ryan Spencer. He here brings us a 4 tracker of the absolute highest order. It both sounds like music that no one else is making, while also sounding like a pastiche of everything that you've ever liked in the past. The magic formula baby!!!!!!! Shall we walk thru the music together?

BPT founder and music's #1 man Jeremy Castillo has described the EP absolutely brilliantly as such: "YMO style dissonant electro with a Detroit touch on the a side, with pitched down Patrick Cowley psychedelic Macarena on the B-side.

The A1 and title track is an incredible statement of intent from Ben - it really does sound like if Hosono grew up in Detroit listening to Electrifying Mojo. It's an absolute blast of sunlight coming through your headphones. Press play and watch your vitamin D levels rise baby!!!

A2 cut "Music Remembers" is a groovy joy ride reminiscent of Galaxy II Galaxy, complete with re-pitched vocal chops and 808 claps galore. This will hit SO hard on a spring day if you live in a city currently blanketed in snow.

On the flip, B1 "Whose Water" will be a big hit with anyone who dug Dam Funk's Garret project. Introspective downtempo synth fans rejoice!!! And we wrap a stellar outing with B2's "New Sun" - a propulsive Cosmic workout that will open up any dancefloor. The psychedelic Macarena is right baby!!!

long content, you may need to expand row to see all... • Warren Zevon’s final concert, recorded August 9, 2002 at the Edmonton Folk Music Festival, available for the first time
• Features “Werewolves Of London,” “Poor Poor Pitiful Me,” “Lawyers, Guns & Money,” “Play It All Night Long,” and more
• Double LP with etched 4th side and liner notes fromlongtime Zevon band member and friend Matt Cartsonis, who accompanied Warren during this performance
• Available for on opaque metallic silver vinyl

One of my favorite repeatable moments in our sets was looking over when he was singing that line from “Don’t Let Us Get Sick”: “I’m lucky to be here with someone I like . . .” to find him looking at me. That’s some pure and precious stuff, and I’m immensely grateful for the memory.
—Matt Cartsonis from his liner notes

Luckily, 2025 Rock & Roll Hall of Fame inductee, Warren Zevon left us with a treasure trove of nearly four decades of incredible songs and performances. Neither Warren, nor his long-time band member, accompanist, and friend Matt Cartsonis, nor the 14,000 people in attendance at the Edmonton Folk Music Festival knew this would be Warren’s final concert—it was just another great performance from an exceptional songwriter and artist. Epilogue: Live At The Edmonton Folk Music Festival offers you the chance to experience it for the first time, or relive it if you were there.

Featuring Warren on guitar, harmonica, and piano, with Cartsonis adding guitar, dulcimer, fiddle, harmonies and more, the pair run through classics like “Werewolves Of London,” “Poor Poor Pitiful Me,” Lawyers, Guns And Money,” and “Play It All Night Long.” The set also features a performance of the song “Dirty Life And Times,” only ever played twice! The pair found room in the set to pay tribute to Canada with a cover of Joni Mitchell’s “A Case Of You” and the traditional, “Canadee-i-o.”

Available on double metallic silver Vinyl (with etched fourth side), Epilogue: Live At The Edmonton Folk Music Festival has been mastered and restored by multiple Grammy-winning engineer Michael Graves and Jordan McLeod of Osiris Studio with Matt Cartsonis. Cartsonis also adds poignant liner notes about the performance, and insight into his musical relationship and friendship with Zevon.
Epilogue: Live At The Edmonton Folk Music Festival is a gift from a truly legendary singer and songwriter. Play it all night long, indeed.

The London based singer and keyboard player Dominic Appleton, known since the early eighties for his musical activity in the post punk/dream pop band Breathless, and perhaps even more for his vocal contributions to the legendary This Mortal Coil project on 4AD, joins forces with the Milanese producer and sound artist Matteo Uggeri, active from 1993 behind several projects spanning from industrial to post-rock and ambient soundscapes, known for collaborating with artists such as Maurizio Bianchi, Nocturnal Emissions, Controlled Bleeding, De Fabriek, OvO, Giuseppe Ielasi, Lau Nau, Giulio Aldinucci and many more.

Starlight Assembly’s first album, “Starlight and Still Air”, was released in 2021 by the American label Beacon Sound. In Italy the album received amazing reviews in all four of the main music monthlies. It was album of the month in Blow Up and Rockerilla ran a four page interview. Several articles and reviews were made, including a special issue on Foxy Digitalis by Brad Rose.

A remix project was launched afterwards, including old and new friends and fans of the two S.A. members: among the others, Robin Rimbaud/Scanner, Auscultation, Gabriel Saloman (Yellow Swans), Patricia Wolf, Insides, Julia Sabra with Fadi Tabbal, Sawako and Pan American.

The new album, “There Will Be Fireworks”, continues the duo’s complex cross-genres approach to music by melding Uggeri’s intricate musical textures with Appleton’s sweet and melancholic melodies, in this case even supported by the haunting guitars of Gary Mundy (in Breathless as well but also in Ramleh and Broken Flag’s label manager). The tracks on this album are more songlike, the journey more cohesive, with the artists playing more to one another’s strengths. The mastering will be done by Martin Bowes/Attrition, making it even more powerful and clean for its publication on Silentes (ex-Amplexus), historic italian label well known for releases by Rod Modell, Gigi Masin, Dirk Serries, Eraldo Bernocchi, Merzbow, Fabio Orsi and the latest releases by AUBE and much more.

1) WAIT FOR THE WORLD
2) TIME
3) THIS DESERT
4) ALL THE LOVE THE STANDS BESIDE US
5) MOTH TO THE FLAME
6) FRICTION
7) SYMPHONY IN MELANCHOLY
8) THE NOT DEAD
9) RELIEF
+
10) THERE WILL BE FIREWORKS (ghost track)

The fifteenth release from electro label Gladio Operations once again brings us a multi-artist format, featuring new faces and a distinctly Spanish flavour.

This EP opens with the return of producer Cycloplex, with his characteristic minimalist sound.
This track, titled ‘EP01-A’, once again showcases his powerful and aggressive bass lines.
From Gerona comes one of the new and talented artists on the Spanish electro scene. David Pasajero makes his debut on Gladio Operations with ‘Dislektro’, a fluid journey of melodies and warm textures infused with acidic touches.

On the B-side we find Barcelona producer Dark Vektor, who needs no introduction, as he is one of the Spanish icons of electro sound. This artist also makes his debut on the label with ‘Te Voy A Dar Ahhhhh’, a dizzying track with suspenseful melodies and a powerful bass line that will keep you on the dance floor no matter what.

The Spanish duo Slit Observers is another of the label’s new faces and treats us to this vibrant track titled ‘Green Machine’, where we encounter dark passages with a perfect dose of acid and embellished with subtle vocoders.

The EP closes with a collaboration between German producers Intergalactic Noize Commander and Elektrotechnik, the latter an artist who has released music previously. ‘Informationen’ is a rough track, created in the most hidden German bunkers, featuring arpeggios and robust bass lines that dominate throughout the whole track, accompanied by gloomy vocals.

A meteorite and a lost EP from an experimental electronic talent escape their grim fate: remain unknown to human civilization forever.

Around 2015, Gareth Smyth (aka Lumigraph) produced two tracks before uploading them on his Soundcloud page under the name “Canyon Diablo”, a tribute to a meteorite that crashed in Arizona 49,000 years ago. Amazed, the future co-founder of M+M Disques barely had time to download them onto his hard drive before they were deleted... until today.

Behind the extraterrestrial sounds of this 2-tracker, Lumigraph seems to want to establish communication with planet earth using its own means. In the dubby “Flamingo Drive”, he patiently builds up his sluggish groove before bringing in a reassuring and catchy bassline. On the B-side, the avant-garde “America Song” combines industrial rhythms, drone guitar, and Pierre Henry-ish noises.

* fine art printed insert + PVC sleeve

Specs: Wrapped in shrink, DL code, insert with liner notes

"Music in DNA" is an album recorded in the early 1980s in New York City by Yasuhito Ohno, a young Japanese man breaking free from the constraints of his homeland. The album is a naive burst of outsider DIY enthusiasm, inspired by the multiple avant-garde movements of the era, in music, painting and performance, as well as the native energy of 80s NYC. Ohno channeled his youthful “edge” and zeal into open-minded lo-fi musical explorations using a mere two machines: the then-new technological glories of a four-track cassette recorder and that polyphonic synthesizer masterpiece, the Roland Juno-60; on several pieces he vocalizes. These seven tracks have a zestful, innocent, anything-goes charm, free from preciousness and self-consciousness: a raw and youthful human spirit at play in a new world. Ohno was also inspired by the humanistic promise of the general technological developments of the day, including DNA research, personal computing, and early computer graphics, an example of which can be found on the cover. Ohno later returned to Japan, becoming a renowned composer/producer. In an era of jaded cynicism, "Music in DNA" is a welcome taste of big-hearted innocence, a revival of a raw self. Available on CD/LP/Digital, with E/J liner notes.

It’s been 12 years since Karizma’s last album, and in that time the world has changed beyond recognition.
What has remained constant is Karizma’s commitment to constantly pushing the boundaries of his sound and defying categorization, effortlessly moving from down-tempo soul, hip-hop, house and electronic dance, and connecting it all with his emotive production and his ear for moving a dance- floor.
“Can’t Call !t” is a double album that sees Karizma craft 17 tracks to take his music in ever new directions. As always, he pours his heart into every cut, always with a message and purpose of intent.
Like all of us, Karizma’s wondering what comes next, which way things will go. Can you call it?

More excellent and previously unreleased instrumental 1970s roots from 12 Tribes musical director Pablove Black and cohorts. Side A has an instrumental cut of the sublime rhythm used for Ewan Naptali's classic "Africa Awaiting Its Creator", the flip side has another instru titled "Sons of the Most High", which we think was voiced by Dan Hutson but never released.

New and long awaited releases in the Jah Life reissue program. Al Campbell's "Collie Herb" was originally issued on Jah Life 12" in US & UK, and on Kaya 7" in JA. "World Crisis" was originally issued on 12" on the Reggae Sound label in NY. Killer ganja tune and reality tune, back to back. "Collie Herb" comes equipped with dub, while "World Crisis" is a deadly discomix.

Following our well received "Prince Philip Presents..." 2LP compilation, here's a lovely overview of the second phase of Philip's career, as engineer & producer at his own studio, HC&F. These ten tracks comprise our favorites from his production catalog, spanning the mid '80s when the studio really got going, right up until 1996 and his last set of proper productions. The album holds a mix of well known classics like the Garnett Silk, lesser known album only cuts like the Frankie Paul, NY dancehall 12" staples like the Scion Success or Shelene, as well as some lesser known gems. We'd be remiss in not mentioning that this album also contains two previously unreleased cuts - a wicked mid '80s Tony Tuff, and the wild vocoder laden 1985 theme song for Philip's "Get Smart" radio show, which ran for many many years on New York University's WNYU radio station.

Death Is Not The End present a further volume of Arja Kastinen's eerie amalgamations of 110 year old wax cylinders with her own meticulously transcribed takes, this time focussing in on Armas Otto Väisänen's field recordings of kantele player Iivana Mišukka (b. 1861 d.1919).

"Ivana Mišukka (1861–1919) was one of the Karelian kantele players recorded by the folk music researcher Armas Otto Väisänen on wax cylinders in 1916 and 1917. In the early 20th century, the remote areas of Border Karelia were undergoing the final phase of a transformation in musical culture, with the ancient runo song tradition giving way to newer forms of music. This transition is reflected in Mišukka's repertoire and choice of instrument. The ancient small kantele, hollowed out of a single piece of wood, was already rare at the turn of the century. Mišukka's kantele was a new type of instrument with 26 strings, constructed of several parts, but he played it using the traditional plucking technique. Like other Border Karelian kantele players, his repertoire consisted of music rooted in runosong culture, as well as newer dances and songs from the east and west. Most of the recorded material falls into the latter category.

Ivan Bogdanov Mišukka was born out of wedlock in Suursara village, Suistamo, on 1 May 1861. He began playing the kantele at the age of five or six, quickly mastering the instrument. In adulthood, he was considered one of the area's best master players. Mišukka was landless for most of his life and lived in different parts of the Suistamo parish. His first wife, Tekla Markintytär, died in 1897 at the age of 40, and his second wife, Jevdokia Filipintytär Jeminen, died in 1907 at the age of 50. Seven children were born from the first marriage, two of whom died young. The third wife, Maria Ignatintytär Gurnan (Kuurnanen), was a well-known master of lamentations. Together with Maria, Iivana Mišukka worked as a tenant farmer in the village of Suursara. Mišukka suffered from rheumatism, which prevented him from participating in physical work like Maria. This was apparently partly the reason why Iivana Mišukka went to earn extra money by playing the kantele on gig trips. He often had other traditional artists from Suistamo as his travelling companions, such as the runosingers Konstantin Kuokka and Iivana Onoila. Iivana Mišukka died in Leppäsyrjä village, Suistamo, on 18 May 1919 at the age of 58, and his kantele was donated to Teppana Jänis.

Mišukka only used 14 of the 26 strings on his kantele, playing the same tunes either a fourth higher or lower. He tuned his kantele to the major scale using fifths, except for a low seventh scale degree on the upper strings, but not below the fundamental. Since he did not use the seventh note of the scale on the upper strings at all, he could use the major scale both lower and a fourth higher with this tuning. According to Mišukka, the sound of higher, or 'finer', strings is 'more beautiful', while that of lower ones is 'greater'. Among runosingers, the size of the thirds varied, ranging from major to minor to neutral. A similar phenomenon can be observed in kantele tunings, where the third, sixth and seventh scale degrees vary in a comparable way.

During a meeting, Väisänen suggested that Mišukka play the smaller kantele belonging to Konstantin Kuokka. The idea was to bring it closer to the horn to improve the recording quality. However, the kantele was completely out of tune, and now Mišukka tuned it to the Lydian scale (track 18).

Using the old plucking technique, Mišukka placed his right middle finger on the fundamental tone, his right index finger on the second scale degree, his left middle finger on the third scale degree and his left index finger on the fourth scale degree, and his right thumb on the fifth. The thumb also played the notes above the fifth note of the scale. As Mišukka remarked to Väisänen: 'Peigaloll' tuloo enemb ruadoa' (the thumb has to do more work). However, he did not use the seventh note of the scale on the upper strings at all. Below the fundamental note, he played the seventh and sixth notes of the scale with his right middle finger of and the fifth note of the scale with his right ring finger. This fifth scale degree below the fundamental is almost always used as a drone. Sometimes, when the melody required it, Mišukka, like other players, also varied the fingering. He would also occasionally strike the same string with the side of his fingernail after plucking it.

The wax cylinder recordings of Karelian kantele players are kept in the archives of the Finnish Literature Society in Helsinki, Finland. Copies were made of them onto reel-to-reel tapes in both the 1960s and 1980s. The 1960s copies are mono and the 1980s copies are stereo. However, not all kantele recordings from these decades have survived.

The sound of the kantele is difficult to hear in wax cylinder recordings due to its low volume, and it occasionally becomes completely obscured by noise. During the copying process, the cylinder sometimes rotates unevenly, resulting in breaks or jumps in the music. Additionally, the rotation speed of the cylinder in the copies does not correspond to the performance speed of the original music, which alters the pitch. However, since Väisänen's precise notes are available in the archive, it is possible to deduce the melodies, their speed, and the tuning level of the kantele in the recordings. Of the copies of the original recordings from the 1960s and 1980s, I have selected the one that best met the requirements of this publication and adjusted the speed of the recording to align with Väisänen's notes. To enhance the listening experience, I have replayed the songs, which now partly overlap the old recordings on this release."

— Arja Kastinen