EPR-CLASSIC News

A rediscovered untitled Mass by Adriaen Willaert "Missa Ippolito", a
hidden ode to the Cardinal of Ferrara, Willaert's patron.Adriaen Willaert
must have already been a prolific composer before he assumed the
position of kapellmeister at the Basilica of San Marco in Venice
After all, a second Mass of his was included in a large, illuminated choral
manuscript that was produced for the Illustrious Brotherhood of Our Blessed
Lady in 's- Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands (the first Mass in this manuscript,
Missa sex vocum super "Benedicta," can be found on the LP Adriano 2). The title
page of the Mass does not mention the name of the composition, only that of the
composer, Adrianus Willart. It was catalogued as a Missa sine nomine, a Mass
without a name. It is assumed that the work was composed between 1522 and
1527, at a time when Willaert was a member of the music chapel of Cardinal
Ippolito d'Este in Ferrara, Italy. At first glance, what's striking about this
composition is that one of the tenor voices sings a cantus firmus (a "given, fixed,
foundational voice" that provides the basis for each movement of the Mass, to
which the other voices are added) that always consists of the same 13 notes: mi
ut mi sol mi ut fa mi fa mi re mi.
In an article about the Mass, the musicologist Joshua Rifkin claims to have
discovered a sogetto cavato delle parole in this sequence of notes. This is a
compositional technique common for the time in which the notes of a melody, in
this case the cantus firmus, are derived from the vowels of certain words. The
notes used for the tone poetry are those of the Guidonian hexachord, a series of
the 6 notes ut-re-mi-fa-sol-la.
For example, the word Maria (Ma-ri-a) can be "translated" into the notes la mi la.
The cantus firmus of the Mass, according to Rifkin, fits the words "Primus
Ippolitus Cardinalis Estensis" (Ippolito I, Cardinal d'Este) perfectly. The Mass is
thus almost certainly (via a hidden message in the music) an ode to the Cardinal
of Ferrara who was Willaert's patron. This rediscovered untitled Mass by Adriaen
Willaert, which we have now sung as a world premiere, can therefore rightly bear
the name Missa Ippolito.

Our fascination with Adriaen Willaert's almost infinitely radiant oeuvre led us to
this beautiful, polyphonic monument of a Mass. The combination with the other
works on this LP is no coincidence: it illustrates how the composer was acutely
aware of what was going on musically in Venice, even outside the church walls of
St. Mark's Basilica. He turned folk songs, called Canzone Villanesche, into fourvoice musical gems that to this day leave no one unmoved. It is striking how
Willaert takes different approaches to turning spiritual texts, on the one hand, and
secular songs, on the other, into gripping compositions. For example, the Mass
has a polyphonic structure: one voice begins, the second voice imitates,
embellishes, and passes the torch to a third, fourth, and fifth voice. A braid of
melodies arises; a wall of vocal sounds that seems to never end is erected.
The text is difficult to understand, but here and there you recognize a snippet of
the main melody, the Gregorian melody "Benedicta es," on which all movements
of this Missa Benedicta es are based. It is different with the chansons: they
sound polyphonic, but homorhythmic. Everyone sings the same text at the same
time, so you can hear and understand the lyrics of the different verses very
clearly. Musicologists still debate to this day whether or not it was com- posed by
Willaert. Some say that it could have come from the pen of Nicolle de Celliers de
Hesdin... In any case, the fact that the mystery surrounding this music may never
be solved is no reason for us not to enjoy it to the fullest in the meantime!