finally repressed! Two producers on duty for Gerd's Palm Leaves remixes. Sometimes an amazing track like Palm Leaves just screams for a rework by someone who really could do something nice with it. And this seems to be the perfect remix duo... Larry Heard aka Mr Fingers and Deetron. One for the body and one for the soul!
"Stiff Little Fingers iconic debut ‘Inflammable Material’ was one of the most important records of its era. Originally released in 1979 at the height of The Troubles in Northern Ireland, the album depicted volatile life in Belfast at the time and was met with critical acclaim.
The double-LP sets include the original album and the unreleased Troon 1979 performance "
“In a concert, I show something with a beginning, a middle and an end. But, there is no end. Of course, there is no end. Because I am the music, and I am still here.” - Sophie Agnel
‘Learning’ - Sophie Agnel’s first solo LP, feels like the dark, physical inversion of her excellent ‘Song’ which came out on Relative Pitch earlier this year. Sinking her unique sound into vinyl for the first time, the LP arrives as Agnel recovers from a brain tumour - a shocking discovery that will require Agnel to start again with the piano. It’s a terrifying prospect, but Agnel has been here before, having reorientated herself almost entirely away from her early classical training over the last 4 decades of her work.
‘When I was young I had very good ears, oriole absolute. Then later I began to make strange sounds with my piano, to do different kinds of music. I was more interested in the sounds than the melody, for example. I remember once I sat down in a shop to try to read the scores of Schubert and there was a light emitting a very strong bzzzzzzz. And I couldn't listen to my oriole internal - I couldn't read the score. I was entirely subjugated by the sound of the light. And I understood that something had changed. Ten years before I could read and not hear the light. Now I understood that my ears were completely different. I was more open to the sounds of life.”
Born in Paris in the 60’s and playing her parents piano as soon as she could stand up, Agnel quickly grew tired of the classical world. What frustrated her was the strange disconnect between the frame of the piano and its keyboard - a weird boundary that seemed to form some hushed code of etiquette. “The first thing I put inside the piano was a plastic goblet. I’d seen a few pianists do it: Fred Van Hove, for example, put rubber balls inside his. But what didn’t appeal to me was that there seemed to be no link between the pianos outside and inside.”If you see Agnel play now, the body of her piano is littered with fish tins, ping pong balls, wooden blocks - not that you’d recognize their sounds. Having absorbed the language of the European avant-garde, Agnel is known for pulling the piano’s interior outside of itself by tipping her handbag into it. But these ‘strange sounds’ don’t just come from Cage - they also share the poetic force of Cecil Taylor and ‘Learning’ demonstrates that Agnel’s work on the piano's keyboard is just as important as what she’s littered on its strings. The record lets loose her ability to unleash a formidable sound mass and then rope it back to one single, clarifying note. With one hand, Agnel plays 88 tuned drums and on the other an enormous guitar - with the LP rotating through oncoming trains, and blues harmonica and feedback. It’s single minded stuff, borne out of a dedication to a wholly personal language of gesture, accumulation and deft reduction. “Maybe when I’m 80 I will not need anything,” Agnel says in a recent film made at her home. “I will do the same but with one note, and one finger. Maybe it's enough.”
‘Learning’ arrives in a reverse board sleeve designed by Jereon Wille. Recorded live at Cafe OTO by Billy Steiger on 6th June 2023 and 4th June 2024. Mixed by James Dunn and Benjamin Pagier. Side B edited by Benjamin Pagier. Mastered and cut by Loop-O. Front photograph by Aimé Agnel. Typography and layout by Jeroen Wille.
"PROG-ROCK LEGENDS SPOCK’S BEARD ARRIVE ON MADFISH WITH NEW ALBUM THE ARCHAEOPTIMIST. GATEFOLD 2LP VERSION, PRESSED ON RED VINYL. “mad time signatures, impossible harmonies, intense arrangements…sensational”
THE PROG REPORT “a true heir of the legacy of bands as Yes, Gentle Giant, Pink Floyd & old Genesis…a truly fascinating voyage.” METAL TEMPLE If Spock’s Beard have taught us anything over their 30+ years in the business, it’s that they have no interest in becoming their own tribute act. The Archaeoptimist - their latest offering & first release on Madfish - is not a retreat into old habits, but a recalibration. Just when you think they’re settling in, they kick the walls out instead. At the centre of this particular storm is Ryo Okumoto, whose fingerprints are all over the album - not just as a performer, but as a driving creative force. Teaming up with co-writer Michael Whiteman (I Am the Manic Whale) & longstanding bandmembers Alan Morse & Ted Leonard, Ryo has helped shape an album that is undeniably Spock’s Beard with a characteristic wry smile to boot. The album was produced by Okumoto & recorded at each band member’s respective home studios. Esteemed producer Rich Mouser (Dream Theater/Weezer) takes up the mixing & mastering duties. Over more than 30 years, Spock’s Beard have established themselves as one of modern progressive music’s most exciting & consistent acts, with live shows as renowned as their studio work & tours that draw sold-out audiences across the globe. Their albums regularly chart worldwide, with 2018’s Noise Floor reaching #3 on the UK Official Rock & Metal Chart & #6 on the Official Progressive Albums Chart.
Voal — Vand and Shoal — reveal five more cuts on their home label Isotoop, taken from the pair’s time living together in Utrecht. Whereas the debut EP, ‘Saffron’, dropped the listener into psychedelic aesthetics and atypical rhythmic structures, the sequel ‘Jinx’ has a more crystal-cut vision of club music, made for no less exploratory dancefloors.
Possessing a natural progression almost as fluid as a contiguous live set, with imagination each track can form the basis of the next through the fingerprints of a barely-perceptible ghost leaving a piecemeal narrative impression, an exposure in negative that develops over repeated exposure to the five versatile tracks.
Relative to Saffron’s sidestepping repertoire, this latest EP goes for the jugular with insistent club dynamics from the get-go. Summoning steps on air, a self-contained package of breezy dancefloor initiation and escalation, all-in-one, and from the foothold of this thermal vortex Crosswind ups the drama with storm-hued dynamics and blustery club debris.
The knife of aesthetics is freshly sharpened for the flip: Jinx takes the record out of earthbound atmospheres and deep into sci-fi territory. A jigsawwing bassline seems to drill ever-deeper into an expanding landscape, as it does so uncovering small sonic treasures locked in the bedrock. A mirror to this scene, The Chain digresses with bubbling verve and psychedelic strut, a combo-finishing left hook that simultaneously holds playfulness alongside dour dramatics, a duality shared by vinyl-exclusive closing track Ouah, which blows out the lights with a smirk, and premium hallucinatory dub psychosis.
MAGENTA VINYL[23,95 €]
Jim Jarmusch und Anika haben sich zum ersten Mal 2022 bei der Feier zum 15-jährigen Jubiläum von Sacred Bones getroffen, wo sowohl Anika als auch SQÜRL aufgetreten sind. Jim war sofort von Anikas Auftritt beeindruckt, während Anika Jim als Mentor bewunderte, der seiner einzigartigen Vision während seiner ganzen Karriere treu geblieben ist. Dieser gegenseitige Respekt führte zu einer kreativen Zusammenarbeit, die in dem eindringlichen Soundtrack für Jarmuschs Film Father Mother Sister Brother gipfelte. Jim lud Anika zunächst ein, eine Coverversion von Jackson Brownes ,These Days" aufzunehmen, inspiriert von Nicos legendärer Version. Dieser von Anika arrangierte Track wurde in Berlin mit dem Streichquartett Kaleidoskop aufgenommen und erscheint als Bonustrack auf dem Album unter dem Titel ,These Days (Berlin Version)". Später mischte Jim eine minimalistischere Version des Songs und fügte mehrere E-Gitarren-Tracks hinzu. Während seines Aufenthalts in Berlin verriet Jim Anika, dass der einzige bereits existierende Track im Film ,Spooky" von Dusty Springfield sein würde. Anika, die eine Live-Version davon gespielt hatte, schlug vor, dass sie ihn covern sollten. Die reduzierte Version, die sie nur mit Gesang, Kontrabass, Fingerschnipsen und einem verzerrten Orgelriff kreierten, wurde als Song für den Abspann des Films ausgewählt. Abgesehen von diesen Coverversionen entstand ein Großteil der Filmmusik aus Improvisationen. Jim und Anika verbrachten Stunden damit, gemeinsam zu improvisieren, was zu einer zweiten Aufnahmerunde in Berlin führte, wo Anika Wurlitzer und E-Gitarre spielte und Jim mit verzerrten E-Gitarren beitrug. Nach ihrer Rückkehr nach New York formte Jim diese Aufnahmen zu kurzen, stimmungsvollen Instrumentalstücken, die zur Filmmusik wurden. Die letzten Feinheiten wurden während eines gemeinsamen Aufenthalts von Jim und Anika in Paris im Centre Pompidou fertiggestellt. Die Musik für ,Father Mother Sister Brother" ist eine experimentelle, kollaborative Klanglandschaft, die nicht darauf ausgelegt ist, sich um eine einzelne Figur zu drehen oder diese zu definieren. Stattdessen ist sie atmosphärisch, wie die Luft, die die Figuren unsichtbar umgibt.
Jim Jarmusch und Anika haben sich zum ersten Mal 2022 bei der Feier zum 15-jährigen Jubiläum von Sacred Bones getroffen, wo sowohl Anika als auch SQÜRL aufgetreten sind. Jim war sofort von Anikas Auftritt beeindruckt, während Anika Jim als Mentor bewunderte, der seiner einzigartigen Vision während seiner ganzen Karriere treu geblieben ist. Dieser gegenseitige Respekt führte zu einer kreativen Zusammenarbeit, die in dem eindringlichen Soundtrack für Jarmuschs Film Father Mother Sister Brother gipfelte. Jim lud Anika zunächst ein, eine Coverversion von Jackson Brownes ,These Days" aufzunehmen, inspiriert von Nicos legendärer Version. Dieser von Anika arrangierte Track wurde in Berlin mit dem Streichquartett Kaleidoskop aufgenommen und erscheint als Bonustrack auf dem Album unter dem Titel ,These Days (Berlin Version)". Später mischte Jim eine minimalistischere Version des Songs und fügte mehrere E-Gitarren-Tracks hinzu. Während seines Aufenthalts in Berlin verriet Jim Anika, dass der einzige bereits existierende Track im Film ,Spooky" von Dusty Springfield sein würde. Anika, die eine Live-Version davon gespielt hatte, schlug vor, dass sie ihn covern sollten. Die reduzierte Version, die sie nur mit Gesang, Kontrabass, Fingerschnipsen und einem verzerrten Orgelriff kreierten, wurde als Song für den Abspann des Films ausgewählt. Abgesehen von diesen Coverversionen entstand ein Großteil der Filmmusik aus Improvisationen. Jim und Anika verbrachten Stunden damit, gemeinsam zu improvisieren, was zu einer zweiten Aufnahmerunde in Berlin führte, wo Anika Wurlitzer und E-Gitarre spielte und Jim mit verzerrten E-Gitarren beitrug. Nach ihrer Rückkehr nach New York formte Jim diese Aufnahmen zu kurzen, stimmungsvollen Instrumentalstücken, die zur Filmmusik wurden. Die letzten Feinheiten wurden während eines gemeinsamen Aufenthalts von Jim und Anika in Paris im Centre Pompidou fertiggestellt. Die Musik für ,Father Mother Sister Brother" ist eine experimentelle, kollaborative Klanglandschaft, die nicht darauf ausgelegt ist, sich um eine einzelne Figur zu drehen oder diese zu definieren. Stattdessen ist sie atmosphärisch, wie die Luft, die die Figuren unsichtbar umgibt.
Das Wort ,tween" klingt irgendwie nach einer bestimmten Art von Unbeholfenheit, und das ist meistens nicht so positiv. Aber sieh es mal so: Etwas ,tween" ist dabei, sich zu etwas anderem zu entwickeln, und dieser Entwicklungsprozess hat seine ganz eigene Schönheit. Es ist irgendwie cool, das zu erkennen und zu feiern - sich darauf einzulassen. Jenn Wasner und Andy Stack - die beiden Hälften der Band - haben diese Songs als ,keinen Schritt nach vorne, sondern einen Schritt zur Seite in der Zeit" beschrieben. Mit anderen Worten: Sie passten einfach nicht zum fünften Album. Aber nur weil sie nicht dorthin passten, heißt das nicht, dass sie nirgendwo hingehören. Sie in Shriek zu zwängen, wäre unehrlich gewesen; sie zu verwaisten, wäre irgendwo zwischen kriminell und einfach nur albern gewesen. Tween ist voller wunderschöner Wye Oak-Songs, deren einziges Vergehen das Timing und der Kontext waren, gemacht von zwei Leuten auf dem Höhepunkt ihres Schaffens. In einem Moment umarmen Jenn und Andy ihren schwebendsten Cocteau-Twins-Instinkt (,If You Should See"), im nächsten sind sie wieder ein bisschen im Civilian-Territorium (,No Dreaming") und später sind sie geschmeidig und elektronisch und wunderschön 80er-mäßig (,On Luxury"). Der rote Faden: Das sind keine Ausgestoßenen oder Ausschnitte. Tatsächlich könnte Tween sogar leichter zugänglich sein als Shriek. Es sollte in die Riege der großartigen Nicht-Alben der Geschichte aufgenommen werden, deren Namen versuchen, ihre tatsächliche Qualität herunterzuspielen, wie R.E.M.s Dead Letter Office, The Whos Odds and Sods und vielleicht sogar Dinosaur Jr.s Whatever's Cool With Me.
47 marks TEN YEARS with its 47th and final release, closing the catalogue at 47047.
Launched as an event series by Tommy Four Seven in Berlin’s intimate Arena Club in 2014, the 47 parties paved the way to the label we’ve come to know today, inspiring and encouraging a host of interdisciplinary artists along the way. The imprint opened in 2015 with a V/A, and now, ten years later, 47 comes full circle with the release of its last-ever record and compilation.
As always, the various artist collection reflects the imprint’s long-running ethos of championing underground and upcoming talent. Titled ‘Ten Years’, the record features label debuts from Jin Synth, Casual Treatment, SAMA, Yrsen, and contributions from familiar faces like Pause, Rommek and AgainstMe, to name a few.
Across the 20-track V/A, each artist delivers precise and sonically rich productions, spanning several palettes. You’ll find a dreamy soundscape punctuated by blips and bleeps from Amotik. Claustrophobic atmospheres and winding rhythms by Innersha. Liquid melodies and maximalist basslines from Ana Rs. Moonlit synths and icy motifs by VSK. Club-driven 4/4 techno with a metallic sheen from ASEC. An emotive take on ambient and techno from Linn Elisabet. A spiralling trip with IDM touches from Nørbak, and more.
‘Ten Years’ mirrors the adventurous attitude of 47, celebrating the artists and sounds who’ve helped to build the label’s solid reputation, leaving an indelible signature on electronic music for years to come.
Debut solo album from guitar player of Calicos. The result is a record that balances melancholy and raw intensity, where vulnerability is never far from power.Aäron Koch's voice cuts straight through, while the band builds a sound that feels both timeless and urgent, echoing The Veils, My Morning Jacket and Strand of Oaks.
For years, Aäron Koch was the guitarist in other people's bands. Writing intricate riffs and odd time signatures came naturally, but the thought of writing a simple song, a verse, a chorus, a melody that could stand on its own, felt out of reach. He tried and failed, discarded demos, and pushed himself through the humbling exercise of writing "bad songs" just to learn the craft.
'For Once', his debut album (out via Unday Records), is the unexpected outcome of that long struggle. What began as an exercise became a set of songs that refused to stay in the drawer. Months after recording rough sketches, Koch listened back and realized they weren't throwaways after all. With a small heart, he shared them with friends, musicians from bands like Calicos, Uma Chine and Tin Fingers, who immediately heard their potential and joined the project.
The result is a record that balances melancholy and raw intensity, where vulnerability is never far from power. Koch's voice cuts straight through, while the band builds a sound that feels both timeless and urgent, echoing The Veils, My Morning Jacket and Strand of Oaks.
"This music is about weaknesses and vulnerability," Koch says. "Autobiographical really, something I only realized once the album took shape."
That honesty struck a chord. In 2024, after only a handful of shows, Aäron Koch reached the finals of Humo's Rock Rally and was invited to open for Belle & Sebastian at a sold-out Ancienne Belgique. Now 'For Once' shows why: it's the sound of someone learning to write songs the hard way, and discovering in the process that he has something entirely his own to say.
,Sad Sappy Sucker" (oder mit dem ganzen Titel auf dem Cover ,Sad Sappy Sucker Chokin on a Mouthful of Lost Thoughts") ist ein Compilation-Album von Modest Mouse aus dem Jahr 2001. Ursprünglich sollte ,Sad Sappy Sucker" 1994 das Debütalbum von Modest Mouse werden, wurde dann aber für ein paar Jahre auf Eis gelegt, bis es schließlich 2001 nach dem Erfolg von ,The Moon & Antarctica", dem dritten Album der Band, rausgebracht wurde. Einige Songs wurden in den Dub Narcotic Studios in Olympia, Washington, von Beat Happening-Frontmann Calvin Johnson aufgenommen. Das Album wurde offiziell von Johnsons Label K Records veröffentlicht und enthält neun zusätzliche Titel, die zur ursprünglichen Trackliste hinzugefügt wurden. Die ersten 15 Titel bilden das ursprüngliche Album "Sad Sappy Sucker". Die Titel 16 bis 24 stammen aus dem Anrufbeantworter von Isaac Brock, der einen ,Call to Dial a Song"-Dienst eingerichtet hatte. (Quelle: Wikipedia)
Black Vinyl[28,15 €]
Peace and love in late 60s America did not come without parallel feelings of fear and confusion about the social situation – specifically about Vietnam. “Safe In My Garden” is the latest Ace compilation in an acclaimed series compiled by Bob Stanley – it’s a companion piece to the much-praised “State Of The Union (The American Dream In Crisis 1967 – 1973)” Ace CDCHD 1533/XXQLP2 057 2018).
The music on “Safe In My Garden” is harmony-laden, beautifully produced soft rock. Sunshine pop, even - a melodic, innovative style of American music that grew in the mid-60s out of the folk and surf scenes, exemplified by the Beach Boys and the Mamas and Papas. You will hear orchestral arrangements, and soft boy-girl vocals. But it wasn’t made in isolation from what was going on in the outside world. There are clouds and minor chords, plenty of melancholy in those harmonies.
“Safe In My Garden” includes songs of escape (Mark Eric’s ‘Move With The Dawn’, the Groop’s ‘A Famous Myth’), loss (the Eighth Day’s ‘How Can I Stop Loving You’, the New Colony Six’s ‘Prairie Grey’), dreamscapes (Tommy James and the Shondells’ ‘She’, Nancy Priddy’s ‘Christina’s World’), rebirth (Smokey and his Sister’s ‘Creators Of Rain’), a simpler world (the Free Design’s ‘My Brother Woody’) and a philosophically sounder future (Chad & Jeremy’s ‘The Ark’, Best of Friends’ ‘Summer Sound’).
It contains some surprisingly dark messages paired with beautiful melodies, as well as songs of hope. Thousands of young musicians in cities, suburbs and small towns across the States from the mid to late 60s spent their mornings hiding from the mailman, dreading the draft. This is the Sound of Young America in the late 60s, keeping its fingers crossed.
Impressions marks Budapest based independent label Blue Sun’s 6th release. Hungarian multi-instrumentalist, Fingerfisher guitarist Adam Gollob's debut solo LP carries forward the musical direction set by the label’s founders (Hanussen & Kozmo D) by presenting tracks that are built around concentrated, listening-based music consumption, deliberately crossing, possibly defying genres.
Impressions is a profound reflection of transformation, embracing imperfection along the way. As a former student of jazz guitar at Bartók Conservatory, Gollob evokes the wandering spirit of John Coltrane with the title, at the same time inviting the listener into a brief but intensive creative period of the artist’s own life. Music listened to, festivals visited, thoughts and conversations - all echoing through-and-throughout the composition, questioning, dismantling, and rearranging them into a piece.
The record is a rich and evocative work that blends elements of new wave, indie rock, alternative electronic, and neo-psychedelic styles. The introspective lyrics and unrefined vocals explore different aspects of existence, placing the perpetual tension between uncertainty and confidence at the center. The hypnotic synthesizers, raw drum textures, and the structurally interwoven songs provide a complex listening experience. The material reforms with each replay into an ever-changing musical landscape, with a strikingly unique, fuzzy yet soothing atmosphere.
Eine atmosphärische Symphonie aus ätherischem Verfall, die zum Klassiker des 21. Jahrhunderts aufgewertet wurde. Aufgenommen 1992 zu Hause mit einer 12-saitigen Gitarre, einem 4-Spur-Recorder, einem Loop-Pedal, unendlichem Hall und dem strukturierten Gesang der geheimnisvollen Sängerin Melissa Arpin Duimstra, verwandelte Scott Cortez' bezauberndes Projekt postadoleszente Tagträumereien im Schlafzimmer in ein ruhiges, mondbeschienenes Schweben auf einem endlosen Meer. Diese erweiterte und remasterte Doppelalbum-Edition enthält fünf weitere verzerrte Reflexionen aus dem Archiv, mit Texten und einer Replik einer Postkarte, in denen man sich verlieren kann. Hier braucht man keine Augenspülstation - Blindheit ist beabsichtigt.
Clarence Carter, blind from birth, was a blues singer with lascivious wit, a talented guitarist, a songwriter with a twinkle in his eye, and a champion of down-to-earth soul grooves who taught himself to play the guitar.
He sang in a gospel choir, completed a degree in music, and grounded the duo Clarence & Calvin but was not however very successful.
After a car crash involving Calvin Scott, Carter started on a solo career and signed a contract with Rick Hall and the Fame label as a soloist.
Among the earliest singles recorded at the Muscle Shoals studio were a few hits. After leaving Fame for Atlantic, he managed to enter the Top 20 of the R & B charts with "Looking For A Fox". His breakthrough came with "Slip Away", which sold a million copies and was awarded a Gold Record.
The legendary Fame Studios in Muscle Shoals remained the home basis, as it were, for Carter during his career with Atlantic. "This Is…" begins with a contemplative, soft sound. "Do What You Gotta Do", written by Jim Webb, is a lovely, melancholic mid-tempo ballad, saturated with Barry Beckett’s keyboard and smothered by lush, plaintive winds.
But the man is primarily funky here … as three danceable, finger-snapping tracks prove; "Wind It Up", with further witty improvisations and a fervid organ solo, the highly syncopated, playful "Thread The Needle", and the smoky, irresistible "Funky Fever" – all written by Carter himself.
Dan Penn’s and Spooner Oldham’s "Slippin’ Around" has an unorthodox bossa nova-like beat that is reminiscent of Ray Charles’s "What’d I Say", while Carter’s unmistakable chuckle is to be heard for the first time on the riotous funk-rock number "I’m Qualified", which has the very same unique, infectious groove as was to be heard on Wilson Pickett’s "In The Midnight Hour". "She Ain’t Gonna Do Right", composed by the same man, brings more Alabama Country to the mix, whereby Beckett contributes a catchy, persistent organ riff in the refrain.
Huayno has its roots in the Andes during the colonial era, when indigenous peoples began to blend their music with influences brought by European settlers. During this process the Spanish guitar naturally became very prevalent, incorporating the tunings, finger-style and rhythms of the traditional Andean harp along with it.
The late Alberto Juscamaita Gastelú, known as Raktako, was a renowned guitarist, composer and mentor to generations of guitarists from his home in Ayacucho, southern Peruvian Andes. His unique style also blended techniques from the Spanish lute and other instruments brought by colonisers, such as the violin and accordion. For over a century, Raktako preserved Ayacucho's musical traditions and the Andean guitar form.
In 2022, the last disciple of Raktako, Gustavo Yashimura, shared with Sound of the Andes' Hánkel Bellido a series of astonishing home recordings made by Raktako between approximately 1930 and 1940. These recordings, made with the sparsest of equipment, had never been published before and represent an invaluable cultural treasure. The guitarist, who lived for over 100 years and passed away in 2023, had been largely forgotten until recently, when the Ministry of Culture of Peru officially recognised him as Meritorious Personality of Culture. His legacy, which includes a profound influence on Peruvian music, especially the Ayacucho guitar tradition, is finally being acknowledged.
Badboy garage is the order of the night on this latest drop from the unstoppable Instinct label. It's a split EP between Isgwan and Trustee, and the offer kicks off with the low slung swagger and warped bass of 'Right Tehn' complete with gun-finger synths and nawty vocals. Trustee then steps up with some expertly crafted jungle breaks turned 2-stepping beats on 'Watch Dat' with mad low energy wobbles. His 'Shuffle N' Step' is another lip-curling and rude as you like bit of filthy garage, 'Feel Me' (feat Tanya George) is a more emotive sound thanks to the buttery r&b vocal hooks and 'Work Set' shuts down with bumping low-end pressure.
